In addition, the combination of РІРµРґСЊ with adversative conjunctions a, РЅРѕ adds the seme of concession. In certain cases, there is a combination of causal and conventional meanings. According to observations on the material of journalism РІРµРґСЊ often acts as a linking word for causal constructions both within a complex sentence and between separate, semantically related sentences. The method of interpretation based on the etymologically inherent meaning of this word and transformation method are proposed as a way to concretize relations marked by this linking device. It is noted that polysemy and syntactic variability of the modern word РІРµРґСЊ result from its historical origin and development. Given the polysemy and variety of uses of this word, modern researchers who study discourse classify it as a discoursive word/discourse marker. Most grammatical descriptions qualify it as both a particle and a conjunction. The word РІРµРґСЊ has a variety of shades of meaning, it features polyfunctionality and syntactic. The work is carried out within the study of the expression of relations of conditioning through complex sentences in works of the book style вЂ“ scientific and publicistic. The paper is devoted to the role of the word РІРµРґСЊ in the organization of a subordinate syntactic connection between sentences. We discuss our findings in the context of previous literature, general characteristics of cognition and communication in ASD, entrainment in social interaction, the social nature of communicative signals and implications for training and diagnosis. Taken together, these results provide new insights into conversation strategies and intonation styles in ASD. We conclude this thesis with a summary analysis which highlights the importance of individual specificity, particularly in the ASD group, and shows that the clearest difference between groups was found for backchannel behaviour. We further found that ASD speakers produced more long silent pauses than controls. ASD speakers differed only in the prosodic realisation of filled pauses, producing fewer tokens with the prototypical level intonation contour. Contrary to two of these studies, we found that filled pauses were produced at an identical rate in both groups and that there was an equivalent preference of 'uhm' over 'uh'. Our analysis shows that the ASD group 1) produced fewer backchannels per minute (particularly in the early stages of dialogue), 2) produced a less diverse range of different lexical types of backchannel and 3) showed a less complex and less flexible mapping of different intonation contours to different backchannel types.ДЇilled pauses (hesitation signals such as 'uhm' and 'uh') in ASD have been the subject of three previous studies, with mixed results. We did, however, find a clear difference between groups specifically in the earliest stages of dialogue, where ASD dyads produced considerably longer silent gaps than controls.Д«ackchannels (listener signals such as 'mmhm' or 'okay') have not been investigated in ASD to date. We found no clear overall difference in turn-timing between the ASD and the control group, with both groups showing the same preference for very short silent-gap transitions that has been described for many other groups of speakers in the past. Both studies found a tendency for longer silent gaps in ASD. Turn-taking (the organisation of who speaks when in conversation) in ASD has only been described in two previous studies, which were limited in scope and based on the non-spontaneous speech of children and adolescents. Crucially, no ASD speakers showed a tendency towards more monotonous speech. Results show that ASD speakers tended towards a more melodic intonation style compared to control speakers.

We used a novel methodology for quantifying intonation styles in terms of both the range and the time-varying dynamics of pitch.

Previous findings on intonation styles in ASD are contradictory, with claims ranging from a characteristically monotonous speech style on the one hand to a characteristically melodic speech style on the other. Our analysis focusses on in-depth description at the levels of groups, dyads and individuals and is supported by Bayesian linear regression models. conversations between autistic and non-autistic participants). Recording disposition-matched pairs has the advantage of giving us direct insights into autistic communication, in contrast to most previous studies, which used disposition-mixed dyads (i.e. interlocutors either both did or did not have a diagnosis of ASD). We recorded speakers engaged in task-based, semi-spontaneous conversation in two groups of disposition-matched speaker pairs (i.e. This thesis provides an in-depth, multi-dimensional analysis of the conversational behaviour of German-speaking adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in terms of intonation styles, turn-taking, backchannels, filled pauses and silent pauses.

Vocalized pauses definition